Directed Inquiry
Question: Goat's investigation into National Reconnaissance Office (NRO) surfaced information about National Security Agency (NSA). Review what is known about National Security Agency (NSA) in light of this new context and identify any connections, patterns, or concerns relevant to your domain (Artificial intelligence, surveillance technology, autonomous systems, algorithmic governance).
Date: 2026-04-18
Research Findings
The NSA investigation reveals significant developments in the agency's artificial intelligence and surveillance capabilities that raise important concerns about algorithmic governance and autonomous systems. The NSA has aggressively embraced AI technology, with over 7,000 analysts using generative AI tools and 170+ AI projects in development. The agency established an AI Security Center in 2023 specifically to protect AI systems from foreign threats while developing offensive AI capabilities. Most notably, there's a clear revolving door between the NSA and major AI companies - former NSA Director Paul Nakasone joined OpenAI's board immediately after leaving government service, while Katrina Mulligan, who managed the government's response to Snowden's NSA surveillance revelations, now leads OpenAI's national security partnerships. This creates potential conflicts of interest where former intelligence officials are now shaping how AI companies interact with the very agencies they once led. The recent dismissal of NSA leadership by the Trump administration, reportedly influenced by far-right activist Laura Loomer, suggests political interference in intelligence operations. While OpenAI's Pentagon contract explicitly excludes the NSA, this exclusion may be more performative than substantive, given the deep personal and professional connections between OpenAI leadership and the intelligence community. The pattern suggests a concerning integration of AI surveillance capabilities across the intelligence community, with former NSA officials now positioned to influence how these powerful technologies are developed and deployed.
Data Collected
- Entities created: Paul M. Nakasone, Timothy D. Haugh, NSA Artificial Intelligence Security Center (AISC), Wendy Noble, Laura Loomer, Sheila Thomas
- Facts recorded: 8
- Connections mapped: 4
- Web sources consulted: 50
Sources
- OpenAI alters deal with Pentagon as critics sound alarm over surveillance
- The Pentagon’s bombshell deal with OpenAI, explained
- Memorandum on Advancing the United States’ Leadership in Artificial Intelligence; Harnessing Artificial Intelligence to Fulfill National Security Objectives; and Fostering the Safety, Security, and Trustworthiness of Artificial Intelligence | The White House
- NSA, CISA, and Others Release Guidance on Integrating AI in Operational Technology > National Security Agency/Central Security Service > Press Release View
- Our agreement with the Department of War | OpenAI
- OpenAI announces Pentagon deal after Trump bans Anthropic : NPR
- How is One of America's Biggest Spy Agencies Using AI? We're Suing to Find Out. | American Civil Liberties Union
- National Security Agency - Wikipedia
- SAIC | National Security Contracts Secured by SAIC Top $284 Million in Early 2024
- More than 7,000 NSA analysts are using generative AI tools, director says - Defense One
- OpenAI Appoints Former NSA Director Paul Nakasone to Board of Directors - SecurityWeek
- What’s behind OpenAI’s appointment of an ex-NSA director to its board | CIO
- OpenAI adds Trump-appointed former NSA director Paul M. Nakasone to its board - The Washington Post
- OpenAI adds former NSA chief to its board
- Who is Paul Nakasone, OpenAI's newest board member? - Fast Company
- OpenAI Appoints Former NSA Chief Paul Nakasone to Board - Bloomberg
- Former NSA chief revolves through OpenAI's door | Responsible Statecraft
- Paul Nakasone Joins OpenAI's Board of Directors - Schneier on Security
- Former NSA chief joins OpenAI's board of directors | Cybernews
- Retired US Army General Paul M. Nakasone
- More than 7,000 NSA analysts are using generative AI tools, director says - Defense One
- Lieutenant General Timothy D. Haugh SSCI Nomination Hearing – Opening Remarks
- Timothy Haugh: A New Era for the NSA and Cyber Command - Oreate AI Blog
- NSA installs new director as U.S. prepares for election influence operations
- New NSA-powered AI tool would help industry optimize cyberdefense testing - Nextgov/FCW
- General Timothy Haugh Takes Lead of NSA and Cyber Command - SecurityWeek
- National Security Agency chief and deputy director dismissed
- A new era: Gen. Timothy Haugh takes over for Gen. Paul Nakasone at Cyber Command | DefenseScoop
- US Cyber Command, NSA Chief Gen. Timothy Haugh ousted by Trump admin - Breaking Defense
- AI Security Center Keeps DOD at Cusp of Rapidly Emerging Technology
- Artificial Intelligence Security Center | National Security Agency
- NSA's New AI Security Center Aims to Protect AI from Foreign Threats | Washington D.C. & Maryland Area | Capitol Technology University
- US National Security Agency unveils artificial intelligence security centre | Cybersecurity News | Al Jazeera
- National Security Agency is starting an artificial intelligence security center | Washington Times
- National Security Agency to create an artificial intelligence center
- NSA establishing 'Artificial Intelligence Security Center'
- NSA opening AI Security Center | DefenseScoop
- U.S. Cyber Command Leans on the Artificial Intelligence Security Center | AFCEA International
- NSA's new AI security center takes aim at foreign AI hacks
- NSA AI Security Center - Schneier on Security
- Katrina Mulligan - OpenAI | LinkedIn
- Katrina Mulligan '07 on artificial intelligence and the future of national security | UCLA Law
- OpenAI alters deal with Pentagon as critics sound alarm over surveillance
- Katrina Mulligan • Aspen Security Forum
- Katrina Mulligan - Tatra Summit 2024
- AI and National Security: OpenAI’s Katrina Mulligan on Building Technology at the Edge of Understanding - ClearanceJobs
- The Pentagon’s bombshell deal with OpenAI, explained
- OpenAI’s Pentagon red lines are a mirage
- AI and the future of national security: In conversation with Katrina Mulligan - YouTube
- AI and the future of national security | Blavatnik School of Government